I was able to use the mentioned CSS variables to successfully make my plugin’s colors theme-aware, but I’m finding that the size variables (e.g. --uxp-host-font-size) are not adapting with the font-size settings.
I changed the font size here, trying all 4 size settings, restarting Photoshop, and checking to see if my plugin’s font size would adapt.
But no matter what size I select, my plugin text will always have the same font size. See the console below, where --uxp-host-font-size-smaller is always equal to 12px no matter what.